Where does the RBI’s surplus come from? | Explained
The story so far: Putting an end to much speculation, the Reserve Bank of India’s Central Board on Friday (May 23, 2025) announced that it had decided to transfer ₹2.69 lakh crore to the Central government as a surplus for the year 2024-25. This is a record high transfer, 27% higher than the ₹2.11 lakh crore transferred the previous year, which itself was a record at the time. What had the government budgeted for? This ₹2.69 lakh crore is also higher than what the government itself budgeted — ₹2.56 lakh crore — as dividend or surplus from the RBI, and the public sector banks and insurance companies. With the RBI’s share itself exceeding this amount, this means the government’s total collections from this category is likely to be far in excess of what it budgeted. However, things have not always been so easy for the government when it comes to the RBI’s surplus. There have been strong arguments on both sides in the past on what should be done with the surplus the RBI earns, …



